An Alternative Innovative Model for financing Solid Waste Management: A case of Lusaka City

Abstract

Solid Waste Management (SWM) remains a critical challenge in rapidly urbanizing cities, particularly in low and middle-income countries like Zambia, where financial and institutional capacities are constrained. This study investigates the effectiveness and sustainability of innovative financing models including Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), technological integration, economic instruments and community participation in supporting SWM in Lusaka. Grounded in a pragmatist philosophy, a concurrent triangulation mixed-methods design was employed. Data were collected from 377 urban residents via structured questionnaires and 13 institutional stakeholders through semi-structured interviews. Quantitative analysis was conducted using SPSS, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed using Atlas.ti. Findings reveal that willingness to financially support improved SWM services is strongly influenced by the perceived importance of technology, prior experience with digital payment platforms and expectations of reliable service delivery. Education level emerged as a key factor shaping public attitudes toward financing approaches. Interestingly, models based on community contributions or PPPs were less favored by respondents, suggesting concerns around fairness, trust and governance. Qualitative insights reinforced these findings, highlighting challenges such as inconsistent service provision, limited stakeholder engagement and weak transparency in decision-making. Stakeholders emphasized the importance of digital transformation, inclusive education campaigns and stronger institutional accountability to build public trust and participation. The study concludes that no single financing model is universally applicable. It recommends tiered, technology-enabled and community-informed strategies tailored to the local context. The research provides practical insights for policymakers, urban planners, and development partners working toward more sustainable and inclusive urban waste systems.